How to write a science paper
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Wednesday, August 26, 2020
The Cash Connection Essay Example for Free
The Cash Connection Essay The payday loaning industry is a serious industry built up in the 1990ââ¬â¢s, intended to give residents the choice to get a convenient solution with respect to monetary issues, with an end goal to get by. The principle objective for those in the payday credit industry ââ¬Å"should be to serve clients in consistence with the standards of the business and better instruct them on the administrations and items they offerâ⬠(Personal Communications, 2012). This industry raises the dubious subject of moral, or deceptive, and right up 'til today is as yet being questioned. Money Connectionââ¬â¢s system is ââ¬Å"to give monetary items and administrations to the unbanked and monetarily underserved customersâ⬠(CashConnection. eu), likewise to separate themselves their opposition with the aim of turning into the most predominant establishment in the loaning business. The loaning business was set up to furnish residents in a monetary emergency with brisk money advances while holding fast to the standards of the business, and educating them regarding the significance of savvy getting. An engaged separation system is characterized as ââ¬Å"concentrating on a thin purchaser fragment and outcompeting rivals with an item offering that meets the particular tastes and prerequisites of specialty individuals better than the item contributions of rivalsâ⬠. Money Connection is adopting this strategy by offering alluring highlights to its clients that its rivals can't offer. The various attributes customers discover significant while looking for a fast money credit, for example, lower financing costs, and bigger advances affect the consumerââ¬â¢s buy choice. Money Connection utilizes that for their potential benefit by centering their procedure around those highlights with an end goal to turn into the main loaning establishment in that industry. In the selection given by Paul Smith there is proof that proposes that Cash Connectionââ¬â¢s system and plan of action is moral. ââ¬Å"Individuals taking high intrigue advances were more averse to be in destitution, more averse to be ravenous and more averse to have lost their jobâ⬠(Personal Communications, 2012). Given this demonstration, high intrigue advances have positively affected society all in all. Money Connection clarifies the significance of savvy acquiring before the client gets the credit, in order to prevent the client from stumbling into genuine budgetary difficulty, as a reasonable notice before the exchange is finished. ââ¬Å"For organizations that work inside this industry, a principle goal ought to be to serve clients in consistence with the standards of the business and better instruct them on the administrations and items they offerâ⬠(Personal Communications, 2012). Certain liabilities are related with pretty much every offered item, for instance tobacco organizations incorporate an admonition in regards to the wellbeing dangers related with the item, and furthermore, liquor fuses a similar idea into its items. The proof that proposes Cash Connectionââ¬â¢s methodology and plan of action lies in the ââ¬Å"Pay Loans Scrutinizedâ⬠video, with respect to a lady who imprudently utilized the framework, and developed reliance for the moment money got (CBS, 2008). In this video a woman uncovers her monetary battles she has procured using high enthusiasm loaning credits. She clarifies how loaning credits are at fault for the obligation she gained, and states she would want to abandon warmth, water, and food than be in the budgetary position she is right now in. She clearly manhandled the benefit and got herself into an issue. The main exploitative contention that increases is the high loan costs that apply under the terms and conditions, making it hard for those living in destitution to take care of acquired cash. The prevailing monetary attributes that influence the payday loaning industry comprise of the various principles and guidelines forced by the legislature. The greatest danger the payday loaning industry faces is its chance getting illicit. ââ¬Å"A express that has lenient usury laws can generally change its laws to bring down roofs on payday advance money charges, or to make payday loaning illegalâ⬠(Caskey, 2002). Additionally Caskey expresses some payday establishments expect clients to be taken a crack at a vocation position that gives pay, alongside a financial records. This can majorly affect the payday loaning industry by precluding those clients that don't fit the fundamental prerequisites built up so as to get a loaning advance. ââ¬Å"The five serious powers incorporate (1) rivalry from rival merchants, (2) rivalry from expected new participants to the business, (3) rivalry from makers of substitute items, (4) provider bartering force, and (5) client dealing powerâ⬠(Rollins, 2011). Contention among the loaning business is exceptionally extraordinary and serious. Since the 1990ââ¬â¢s when this industry was built up, rivalry has been savage on account of ââ¬Å"The leaving of conventional monetary foundations from the little section, transient credit showcase; a change generally because of its significant expense structure,â⬠and ââ¬Å"The taking off expense of ricocheted checks and overdraft assurance charges, late bill installment punishments, and other casual augmentations of present moment creditâ⬠(Personal Communications, 2012). Rivalry from new participants in the business can force a genuine danger since obstructions to section are so low. The main fixing important to enter this market is access to forthright money. Rivalry from makers of substitute items contains the capacity to be a genuine danger as a result of the various kinds of advances that banks offer, alongside the various qualities with respect to those advances, for example, financing programs. Provider dealing power holds moderate quality which lies in the possession of the banks. Banks pick which payday establishment to work with dependent on that companyââ¬â¢s execution. Without the help of banks ââ¬Å"the supplierâ⬠there is no open door for progress, so the provider haggling power holds genuine quality in deciding the accomplishment of Cash Connection. In conclusion, Customer haggling power doesn't hold incredible force. The rates for every payday business are fundamentally the equivalent, and arranging isn't a possibility for purchasers in this industry. The five powers model uncovers that the payday loaning industry isn't perfect for those needing to deal with an effective business. It is exceptionally simple for contenders to enter the market, it is at risk for getting illicit, rivalry is savage, and the market as of now contains too much. The main impetuses that right now influence the payday loaning industry vary from tate to state. In South Carolina for instance, the most extreme advance sum is $550, the credit can't surpass 31 days, and A licensee will not charge, straightforwardly or in a roundabout way, an expense for other thought in overabundance of 15% of the face measure of the checkâ⬠(Morton, 2012). Likewise a few distinct acts were actualized by the Federal Government to address the various issues related with payday loaning that have an impact, compelling organizations like Cash Connection to make a technique and approach that agree to these guidelines.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Post 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Post 6 - Essay Example On the off chance that the land isn't available to be purchased, I would have a go at doing this business myself. With respect to the organizations liable for the assurance of untamed life, this resembles going so far in the endeavor to shield the privileges of the creatures that the privileges of people begin getting damaged. So I might likewise want to call a public interview stressing that the organizations ensuring animalsââ¬â¢ rights need to survey their practices as they have begun to secure animalsââ¬â¢ interests on the expense of humansââ¬â¢! It is time that the crucial predominance of people over creatures is recognized and this standard be alluded to in instances of common enthusiasm among people and creatures. My first colleague has made an awesome answer to the inquiry by bringing into light the potential negative manners by which certain creatures that people will in general secure influence people. I am dazzled with the definite conversation of the genuine instances of bats and minnow that my colleague has refered to. I absolutely concur that the natural life ensuring organizations ought to consider the degree to which sparing certain species on the expense of humansââ¬â¢ interests is valuable for the earth. I likewise concur that any person possessing such a land parcel ought to be repaid by the administration. My subsequent schoolmate has offered various genial arrangements that might be considered to have the land proprietor remunerated without making any damage the jeopardized green-toed guttersnipe reptile. Sufficiently sure, the first and the preeminent response of each individual would be outrageous annoyance and aggravation. It would be the main goal of any reasonable individual to dispose of such property. Itââ¬â¢s very reasonable also to consider offering the land to the legislature for charge exception if the deal is preposterous. I am especially intrigued with my classmateââ¬â¢s thought of bringing a premade house into
Saturday, August 15, 2020
Weekend Off
Weekend Off With the title of this entry, you might think Iâm about to tell you my plans for the three-day weekend. Sorry, Chris Columbus. Iâm actually talking about the weekend BEFORE that, which happened to be a rare breed of weekend. âBeing hosedâ is an MIT phrase meaning âhaving too much to do and not enough time to do it,â since getting an MIT education is like drinking from a firehose; rest assured, there are times when life at MIT gets a little more manageable. A âweekend offâ happens once or twice every Cross Country or Track season, during which we donât have a meet. Doesnât sound like a big deal? Oh, it is. Many distance runners around the nation long for just one Saturday morning without a race on their mind and a meet that will last several hours on their schedule. Halloween the night before a meet? Save your candy âtil later. Homecoming on Saturday night? Prepare to dance on sore legs. SAT test that morning? You can make it just in time to start warming up. The funny thing is that a âweekend offâ isnât really âoff.â Weâre definitely still running, but the fact that I can actually get homework done on a Saturday, or go grocery shopping, or do both AND watch an episode of âGleeâ just blows my mind. Did I mention that, after my awesome weekend, my Wednesday problem set deadline got moved to Friday? So essentially all I had to do was study for my Genetics test. In my book, thatâs a win. This was turning out to be the perfect storm of weekends off. And so this is what I did. Friday GEL Mentoring Social! You were probably wondering how I was going to tie this in with the GEL program. Well, since you asked, I attended the GEL Mentoring Social during our Friday afternoon Engineering Leadership Lab. The purpose of this social was to introduce the GEL students to their mentors, who have worked in industry professions and thus have some experience in engineering leadership. Each mentor has 3-4 mentees, so this was a good opportunity to get to know fellow GEL students as well! GEL Year Two students Elizabeth 11, Danielle 11, and Kevin 11 share a laugh during the Mentoring Social/font size=1 My mentor happens to be a member of the LGO (Leaders for Global Operations) Program at MIT, in which students receive a Masters degree in some area of engineering combined with an MBA from the Sloan School of Management. My group discussed everything from career aspirations to our weekend plans. Tortellini! Friday night dinners usually include pasta because thatâs what a lot of runners like to eat the night before a race. This Friday night dinner was no different, except I made the pasta. Yes, I made it, wondering Why havenât I made pasta before?! Itâs so fun! A group of us in the Tech Catholic Community made plates and plates of tortellini and it was delicious! Saturday GEL Picnic! After getting to know our mentors the day before, the GEL students gathered on Kresge Lawn for a typical, fun picnic. And by âtypicalâ I mean âfeaturing a competition between table groups that had us darting all around campus and answering the most random engineering-related trivia questions ever.â GEL Assistant Student Leader Ian 11 gives us instructions for the GEL Picnic competition/font size=1 Basically, the GEL staff posted signs around campus, each of which had a corresponding number and trivia question. Our goal was to find these signs, record the number and question, and report back to the picnic spot in less than an hour. GEL students await the start of the competition on a gorgeous Saturday afternoon/font size=1 Points were awarded based on how many signs we visited and how many questions we answered correctly. We were given three campus maps, one of which told us where each station was; my team simply copied the information onto the two blank maps and set off in different groups. These are just a few of the questions we faced. How many of these can you answer? What is 78% N2, 21% O2, 0.9% Ar, 0.033% CO2, 18ppm Ne, and 5ppm He? What is What is Y=stress/strain? What is CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3? Well, our team didnât win, but we did enjoy the picnic! Some groups brought in really fabulous food to go along with the barbecue fare! Adrian 12 wowed everyone with his creme brulee-flaming skills/font size=1 (left) The MIT work/play balance in action: GEL Year Two students Anjaney 11 (left) and Matt 11 (right) have fun while Adrian 12 diligently prepares his dessert. (right) Leo McGonagle, Executive Director of the GEL Program, asks Danielle 11 about her teams performance in the competition./font size=1 Oh, wait, Genetics test! I mean, clean my room! Just as I was about to sit down to continue the studying I had started earlier in the week, I realized that cleaning my room was a higher priority. But this wasnât my typical âfold my clothes, clear my deskâ kind of cleaning. This was âI am going to make shelf labels so I can finally know where all my stuff is, and then I will clean the floor, and then I will finally unpack the one box that had been sitting in the corner of my room since Orientationâ kind of cleaning. And it felt awesome. I have a clear desk again. Okay, really Genetics study time! Clearly, my cleaning escapade had completely sidetracked me, so I needed to get out of my room if I was going to have any chance of focusing on Genetics. I gathered all my materials and set up camp in Baker Houseâs quiet study room. I love this room! Itâs a little hidden, so there are zero distractions, and lots of desk space to spread out! I love this room! Itâs a little hidden, so there are zero distractions, and offers lots of desk space to spread out! Enough studying! Movie! Two things I do significantly less of when Iâm at MIT is drive and watch movies. I emailed out to my sorority, Pi Beta Phi, and asked if anyone wanted to see the cheesy, âMean Girls-esqueâ high-school comedy film, âEasy A.â We filled an entire row at the theater, and got some frozen yogurt at Berryline afterwards. As a Californian, Iâve tried my fair share of yogurt chains, but this one had evaded me until this weekend. I full-heartedly enjoyed my kiwi, mango, strawberry topping combination. Sunday Early Run! I love morning runs. They make me feel so productive and itâs rather nice to get out before the campus turns into its usual bustling self. Hereâs a fact: not many college students are awake at 7:00 on a Sunday morning. Iâm pretty sure most of the ones still awake just hadnât gone to bed yet. Baker desk! This is, in my opinion, the best job for students. Working at the front desk of a dorm means you meet a lot of residents, help them check out movies and room keys, and maintain dorm security. Plus, youâre essentially being paid to do homework or watch movies on your laptop. Last Genetics study period! I find myself studying Genetics yet again. I take a practice test in testing conditions (at a clear desk, without notes, timing it with a stopwatch) and it doesnât go too well. Thatâs okay. I definitely prefer identifying my weak points in the course material a day before the test rather than during the test itself. After a few more hours of reviewing, Iâm ready to go. So there you have it. When I went to bed on Sunday, I reveled in my clean room, my Genetics preparedness, and my good memories from a well-spent âweekend off.â
Sunday, May 24, 2020
The Effects of Video Games on Children - 800 Words
The Effects of Video Games on Children Many people claim that violent video games are desensitizing children to violence, and making them more hostile and aggressive in social situations. Many video games nowadays have some sort of violence. These games can range from mild to extremely brutal. When children are exposed to these games, they very well could affect how children think. These games, when exposed to children, will, in fact, make them desensitized to violence, and even become violent themselves. The largest group that plays video games is children. The majority of these games are violent, to a ranging extent. Most of these games are played on evenings or weekends, at their homes. Video games are a very common past-time. Theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Considering stores are the primary source of obtaining video games, this law is very effective. Another step has been taken by researchers to prevent the children from getting these games. Many scientific studies support tha t violent video games can affect the behavior of children. ââ¬Å"The Parents Television Council has found more than 3,000 studies linking a childââ¬â¢s consumption of violent media to a childââ¬â¢s behavior, yet weââ¬â¢ve found less two dozen that conclude differentlyâ⬠(Winter). Numerous studies of the effect of violent games (and other forms of media) on children have been conducted. Several thousands of these supporting that children are affected by them, against less than two dozen, says that there is an effect on the children. This is because children are actually choosing what happens when they play. The choice would have a much stronger psychological influence than watching a violent movie, because the children would be seeing and acting the violence. Abundant amounts of children exposed to video games become desensitized to violence. ââ¬Å"Social psychologist decided to show students violent pictures: one of a man shoving a gun down another manââ¬â¢s throa t, a second of a man holding a knife to a womanââ¬â¢s throat. Dr. Brad Bushman (Social Psychologist): What we found is for people who were exposed to a lot of violent video games, their brains did not respond to the violent images. They were numb, if you willâ⬠(Renee). This study shows that video gamesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. Do games affect our way of thinkingRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words à |à 6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipadââ¬â¢s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand families integrateRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of ââ¬Å"Children, Adolescents, and the mediaâ⬠stated ââ¬Å"The rising popularity of video games hasRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words à |à 8 Pagesaction, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highly advanced technology and computer programs, it has become easier for simple cartoons to develop into what children see as real life. These animated cartoonsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1548 Words à |à 7 PagesVideo Games Introduction Today video games are a staple in most households. It is pretty amazing to know that the first creation of games date all the way back to the 1900s. They were not originally invented to make a profit, but to give patients something to do while waiting in the lobby of an office. One inventor had a simple idea of using the monitor not just as a television set, but as a way to play games. College students were just playing around with equipment and happened upon something greatRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words à |à 4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the gameââ¬â¢s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completi ng important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children940 Words à |à 4 Pageswas bored they went outside to play, they created new games, or they played with friends. But, for the past three decades, video games and other digital media have been persuading many adolescents and children to spend the majority of their time playing them. Video games seem to satisfy childrenââ¬â¢s natural need to interact socially, however more often than not, they lead to social isolation. Overexposure to digital media, such as video games is detrimental to the health and function of a childââ¬â¢sRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children1519 Words à |à 7 PagesVideo games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an a ll-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ââ¬Ëmatureââ¬â¢ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion itsRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1656 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction For more than 30 years, video gaming has been a popular activity amongst many of Americaââ¬â¢s children. With over $63 billion (Reuters, reuters.com) worth sold each year, video games are here to stay. While much controversy has arisen over the subject, video games have benefited the United States of America and its citizens to a great degree. For example, the military and CIA use gaming to train soldiers (Davidson, www.ehow.com), and classrooms use video games to teach students. The potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words à |à 5 PagesThe world of today has developed in a way that even children are affected by technology. They enjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. These days, video games have become an issue that has brought concern to many people from parents to scholars about their potential effect on the future of children through influenci ng their conduct. They feel that the violent behavior or any other negative consequence
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
How to Use the Particles O and No in Japanese
A particle is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase, or a clause, to the rest of the sentence. The Japanese particles o and no are commonly used and have many functions depending on how it is used it a sentence. Read on for an explanation of these different usages. The Particle "O" The particle o is always written as ãââ not ã Å . "O": Direct Object Marker When o is placed after a noun, that indicates that the noun is the direct object. Below are a sentence examples of the o particle being used as a direct object marker. Kinou eiga o mimashita. Ã¦Ë ¨Ã¦â" ¥Ã¦Ë ç⠻ãââè ¦â¹Ã£ ¾Ã£ â"ã Ÿãâ¬â--- I watched the movie yesterday.Kutsu o kaimashita. é ´Ã£ââè ² ·Ã£ â㠾ã â"ã Ÿãâ¬â--- I bought shoes.Chichi wa maiasa Koohii o nomimasu. Ã§Ë ¶Ã£ ¯Ã¦ ¯Å½Ã¦Å" ã⠳ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ'âãÆ' ¼Ã£ââé £ ²Ã£ ¿Ã£ ¾Ã£ â¢Ã£â¬â--- My father has coffee every morning. While o marks the direct object, some English verbs used in Japanese take the particle ga instead of o. There are not many of these verbs, but here are some examples. hoshii æ ¬ ²Ã£ â"ã â --- to wantsuki Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£ --- to likekirai Ã¥ «Å'ã â --- to dislikekikoeru è žã âã Ëãââ¹ --- to be able to hearmieru è ¦â¹Ã£ Ëãââ¹ --- to be able to seewakaru Ã¥Ëâ ã â¹Ã£ââ¹ --- to understand "O": Route of Motion Verbs such as walk, run, pass, turn, drive and go through using the particle o to indicate the route that the movement follows.à Here are sentence examples of o used to indicate the route of motion. Basu wa toshokan no mae o toorimasu. ãÆ' ã⠹㠯å⺠³Ã¦âº ¸Ã© ¤ ¨Ã£ ®Ã¥â° ãââéâ¬Å¡Ã£âŠã ¾Ã£ â¢Ã£â¬â--- The bus passes in front of the library.Tsugi no kado o magatte kudasai. æ ¬ ¡Ã£ ®Ã¨ §âãââæ⺠²Ã£ Å'㠣㠦ã ã ã â¢Ã£ âãâ¬â--- Please turn the next corner.Dono michi o tootte kuukou ni ikimasu ka. 㠩㠮é âãââéâ¬Å¡Ã£ £Ã£ ¦Ã§ © ºÃ¦ ¸ ¯Ã£ «Ã¨ ¡Å'ã 㠾ã â¢Ã£ â¹Ã£â¬â--- Which road do you take to get to the airport? "O": Point of Departure Verbs such as to leave, come out, or get off take the particle o to mark the place from which one gets off or leaves.à The following are sample sentences of the o particle used to indicate a point of departure. Hachi-ji ni ie o demasu. å⦠«Ã¦â¢âã «Ã¥ ® ¶Ã£ââå⡠ºÃ£ ¾Ã£ â¢Ã£â¬â--- I leave home at eight oclock.Kyonen koukou o sotsugyou shimashita. åŽ »Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã© «Ëæ ¡Ã£ââÃ¥ âæ ¥ ã â"㠾ã â"ã Ÿãâ¬â--- I graduated from high school last year.Asu Tokyo o tatte pari ni ikimasu. æËŽæâ" ¥Ã¦ ±Ã¤ º ¬Ã£ââç⢠ºÃ£ £Ã£ ¦Ã£Æ'âãÆ' ªÃ£ «Ã¨ ¡Å'ã 㠾ã â¢Ã£â¬â --- Iââ¬â¢m leaving Tokyo for Paris tomorrow. "O": Specific Occupation or Position In this case, the particle o indicates a specific occupation or position, which is usually followed by ~shiteiru or ~shiteimasu. See the following sentences for examples.à Tomoko no otousan wa bengoshi o shiteiru. æ⢠ºÃ¥ 㠮ã Å Ã§Ë ¶Ã£ â¢Ã£ââ㠯å ¼ è ·Ã¥ £ «Ã£ââã â"㠦ã âãââ¹Ã£â¬â --- Tomokos father is a lawyer.Watashi no ane wa kangofu o shiteimasu. ç § 㠮å §â°Ã£ ¯Ã§Å"â¹Ã¨ ·Ã¥ © ¦Ã£ââã â"㠦ã â㠾ã â¢Ã£â¬â --- My sister is a nurse. The Particle "No" The particle no is written out asà ã ®.à "No": Possessive Marker No indicates ownership or attribution. It is similar to the English apostrophe s (s). These sample sentences show how the no particle is used as a possessive marker. Kore wa watashi no hon desu. ã âãâÅ'㠯ç § 㠮æÅ" ¬Ã£ §Ã£ â¢Ã£â¬â--- This is my book.Watashi no ane wa Tokyo ni sunde imasu. ç § 㠮å §â°Ã£ ¯Ã¦ ±Ã¤ º ¬Ã£ «Ã¤ ½ ãââ㠧ã â㠾ã â¢Ã£â¬â--- My sister lives in Tokyo.Watashi no kaban no nakani kagi ga arimasu. ç § 㠮ã â¹Ã£ °Ã£ââ㠮ä ¸ 㠫é µÃ£ Å'ã âãâŠã ¾Ã£ â¢Ã£â¬â--- There is a key in my bag. Note that the final noun can be omitted if it is clear to both speaker and listener. For example: Are wa watashi no (kuruma) desu. ã âãâÅ'㠯ç § ã ®(è »Å )㠧ã â¢Ã£â¬â--- That is mine (my car). "No": Indicating Position or Location To indicate the relative location of the first noun in a sentence, the no particle is used. Take these phrases for instance: tsukue no ue æÅ" ºÃ£ ®Ã¤ ¸Å --- on the deskisu no shita ã âã â¢Ã£ ®Ã¤ ¸â¹ --- under the chairgakkou o tonari Ã¥ ¦Ã¦ ¡Ã£ ®Ã©Å¡ £ --- next to the schoolkouen no mae --- å⦠¬Ã¥Å"â㠮åⰠ--- in front of the parkwatashi no ushiro ç § 㠮å ¾Å'ãâ --- behind me "No": Noun Modification The noun before no modifies the noun after no. This usage is similar to the possessive, but it is seen more with compound nouns or noun phrases. The following sentences show how the no particle can be used to modify a noun. Nihongo no jugyou wa tanoshii desu. æâ" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£ ®Ã¦Å½Ëæ ¥ 㠯æ ¥ ½Ã£ â"ã â㠧ã â¢Ã£â¬â--- The Japanese class is interesting.Bijutsu no hon o sagashite imasu. ç ¾Å½Ã¨ ¡â㠮æÅ" ¬Ã£ââæŽ ¢Ã£ â"㠦ã â㠾ã â¢Ã£â¬â--- I am looking for a book on fine arts. No as a noun modifier can be used many times in one sentence. In this usage, the order of nouns in Japanese is the reverse of English. The normal Japanese order is from large to small, or general to specific. Osaka daigaku no nihongo no sensei Ã¥ ¤ §Ã©Ë ªÃ¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ¦Ã£ ®Ã¦â" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£ ®Ã¥â¦Ëç⟠--- a teacher of Japanese at Osaka universityyooroppa no kuni no namae ãÆ' ¨Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' ãÆ'Æ'ãÆ'â㠮å⺠½Ã£ ®Ã¥ åⰠ--- the names of the countries in Europe "No": Apposition The no particle can also show that the first noun is in apposition to the second noun. For instance: Tomodachi no Keiko-san desu. Ã¥ â¹Ã© â㠮æ µÃ¥ ã â¢Ã£ââ㠧ã â¢Ã£â¬â--- This is my friend, Keiko.Bengoshi no Tanaka-san wa itsumo isogashisou da. Ã¥ ¼ è ·Ã¥ £ «Ã£ ®Ã§â °Ã¤ ¸ ã â¢Ã£ââ㠯ã â㠤ãââÃ¥ ¿â¢Ã£ â"ã ã â ã ãâ¬â --- The lawyer, Mr. Tanaka seems to be busy all the time.Ano hachijussai no obaasan wa ki ga wakai. ã â㠮å⦠«Ã¥ æ ³Ã£ ®Ã£ Šã °Ã£ âã â¢Ã£ââ㠯æ °â"ã Å'è⹠¥Ã£ âãâ¬â --- That eighty-year-old woman has a youthful spirit. "No": Sentence Ending Particle No is also used at the end of a sentence. Read up on ââ¬â¹sentence ending particles to learn about the usage.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Education in Great Britain Free Essays
ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN 6/7. Greatà Britainà doesà notà haveà aà writtenà constitution,à soà thereà areà noà constitutionalà provisionsà forà education. Theà systemà ofà educationà isà determinedà byà theà Nationalà Educationà Acts. We will write a custom essay sample on Education in Great Britain or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schoolsà inà Englandà areà supportedà fromà publicà fundsà paidà toà theà localà educationà authorities. Theseà localà educationà authoritiesà areà responsibleà forà organizingà theà schoolsà inà theirà areasà andà theyà themselvesà chooseà howà toà doà it. Letââ¬â¢sà outlineà theà basicà featuresà ofà publicà educationà inà Britain. Firstly,à thereà areà wideà variationsà betweenà oneà partà ofà theà countryà andà another. Forà mostà educationalà purposesà Englandà andà Walesà areà treatedà asà oneà unit,à thoughà theà systemà inà Walesà isà aà littleà differentà fromà thatà ofà England. Scotlandà andà Northernà Irelandà haveà theirà own à educationà systems. Secondly,à educationà inà Britainà mirrorsà theà countryââ¬â¢sà socialà system:à ità isà class-dividedà andà selective. Theà firstà divisionà isà betweenà thoseà whoà payà andà thoseà whoà doà notà pay. Theà majorityà ofà schoolsà inà Britainà areà supportedà byà publicà fundsà andà theà educationà providedà isà free. Theyà areà maintainedà schools,à butà thereà isà alsoà aà considerableà numberà ofà publicà schools. Parentsà haveà toà payà feesà toà sendà theirà childrenà toà theseà schools. Theà feesà areà high. Asà aà matterà ofà fact,à onlyà veryà richà familiesà canà sendà theirà childrenà toà publicà schoolsà asà wellà asà toà theà bestà universities,à suchà asà Oxfordà andà Cambridge. Anotherà importantà featureà ofà schoolingà inà Britainà isà aà varietyà ofà opportunitiesà offeredà toà schoolchildren. Theà Englishà schoolà syllabusà isà dividedà intoà Artsà (orà Humanities)à andà Sciences,à whichà determineà theà divisionà ofà theà secondaryà schoolà pupilsà intoà studyà groups:à aà Scienceà pupilà willà studyà Chemistry,à Physics,à Mathematicsà (Maths),à Economics,à Technicalà Drawing,à Biology,à Geography;à anà Artà pupilà willà doà theà Englishà Languageà andà Literature,à History,à foreignà languages,à Music,à Art,à Drama. Besidesà theseà subjectsà theyà mustà doà someà generalà educationà subjectsà likeà Physicalà Educationà (PE),à Homeà Economicsà forà girls,à andà Technicalà subjectsà forà boys,à Generalà Science. Computersà play anà importantà partà inà education. Thereà isà aà systemà ofà careersà educationà forà schoolchildrenà inà Britain. Ità isà aà three-yearà course. Theà systemà ofà optionà existsà inà allà kindsà ofà secondaryà schools. Besides,à theà structureà ofà theà curriculumà andà theà organizationà ofà teachingà varyà fromà schoolà toà school. Headmastersà andà headmistressesà ofà schoolsà areà givenà aà greatà dealà ofà freedomà inà decidingà whatà isà taughtà andà howà inà theirà schoolsà soà thatà thereà isà reallyà noà centralà controlà at à allà overà individualà schools. Theà Nationalà Educationà Actà ofà 1944à providedà threeà stagesà ofà education;à primary,à secondaryà andà furtherà education. Compulsoryà schoolingà inà Englandà andà Walesà lastsà 11à years,à fromà theà ageà ofà 5à toà 16. Afterà theà ageà ofà 16à aà growingà numberà ofà schoolà studentsà areà stayingà onà atà school,à someà untilà 18à orà 19,à theà ageà ofà entryà intoà higherà educationà inà universitiesà andà Polytechnics. Britishà universityà coursesà areà ratherà short,à generallyà lastingà forà 3à years. Theà costà ofà educationà dependsà onà theà collegeà andà specialityà whichà oneà chooses. Pre-primaryà andà Primaryà Education Nurseries. Primaryà School. Streaming. Theà Eleven à Plusà Examination. Noà Moreà ofà It? Inà someà areasà ofà Englandà thereà areà nurseryà schoolsà à 3à forà childrenà underà 5à yearsà ofà age. Someà childrenà betweenà twoà andà fiveà receiveà educationà inà nurseryà classesà orà inà infantsà classesà inà primaryà schools. Manyà childrenà attendà informalà pre-schoolà play-groupsà organizedà byà parentsà inà privateà homes. Nurseryà schoolsà areà staffedà withà teachersà andà studentsà inà training. Thereà areà allà kindsà ofà toysà toà keepà theà childrenà busyà fromà 9à oââ¬â¢clockà inà theà morningà tillà 4à oââ¬â¢clockà inà theà afternoonà ââ¬âà whileà theirà parentsà areà atà work. Hereà theà babiesà play,à lunchà andà sleep. Theyà canà runà aboutà andà playà inà safetyà withà someoneà keepingà anà eyeà onà them. Forà dayà nurseriesà whichà remainà openà allà theà yearà roundà (heà parentsà payà accordingà toà theirà income. Theà localà educationà authorityââ¬â¢sà nurseriesà areà free. Butà onlyà aboutà threeà childrenà inà 100à canà goà toà them:à thereà arenââ¬â¢tà enoughà places,à andà theà waitingà listsà areà ratherà long. Mostà childrenà startà schoolà atà 5à inà aà primaryà school. Aà primaryà schoolà mayà be dividedà intoà twoà partsà -infantsà andà juniors. Atà infantsà schoolà reading,à writingà and à arithmeticà areà taughtà forà aboutà 20à minutesà aà dayà duringà theà firstà year,à graduallyà increasingà toà aboutà 2à hoursà inà theirà lastà year. Thereà isà usuallyà noà writtenà timetable. Muchà timeà isà spentà inà modellingà fromà clayà orà drawing,à readingà orà singing. Byà theà timeà childrenà areà readyà forà theà juniorà schoolà theyà willà beà ableà toà readà andà write,à doà simpleà additionà andà subtractionà ofà numbers. Atà 7à childrenà goà onà fromà theà infantsà schoolà toà theà juniorà school. Thisà marksà theà transitionà fromà playà toà ââ¬Å"realà workâ⬠. Theà childrenà haveà setà periodsà ofà arithmetic,à readingà andà compositionà whichà areà allà Elevenà Plusà subjects. History,à Geography,à Natureà Study,à Artà andà Music,à Physicalà Education,à Swimmingà areà alsoà onà theà timetable. Pupilsà areà streamedà accordingà toà theirà abilitiesà toà learnà intoà A,à B,à ?à andà Dà streams. Theà leastà giftedà areà inà theà Dà stream. Formallyà towardsà theà endà ofà theirà fourthà yearà theà pupilsà wroteà theirà Elevenà Plusà Examination. Theà hatedà 11à +à examinationà wasà aà selectiveà procedureà onà whichà notà onlyà theà pupilsââ¬â¢Ã futureà schoolingà butà theirà futureà careersà depended. Theà abolitionà ofà selectionà atà Elevenà Plusà Examinationà broughtà toà lifeà comprehensiveà schoolsà whereà pupilsà canà getà secondaryà education. Secondaryà Education Comprehensiveà Schools. Grammarà Schools. Secondaryà Modernà Schools. Theà Sixthà Form. Noà Moreà Inequality?. Cutsà onà Schoolà Spending Afterà theà ageà ofà 11,à mostà childrenà goà toà comprehensiveà schoolsà ofà whichà theà majorityà areà forà bothà ââ¬âboysà andà girls. Aboutà 90à perà centà ofà allà state-financedà secondaryà schoolsà areà ofà thisà type. Mostà otherà childrenà receiveà secondaryà educationà inà grammarà andà secondaryà modernà schools. Comprehensiveà schoolsà wereà introducedà inà 1965. Theà ideaà ofà comprehensiveà education,à supportedà byà theà Labourà Party,à wasà toà giveà allà childrenà ofà whateverà backgroundà theà sameà opportunityà inà education. Onlyà aboutà 20à perà centà ofà childrenà studyà forà theà Generalà Certificateà ofà Education,à Ordinaryà Levelà (GCEà ?-level). Mostà childrenà doà notà passà GCEà examinations. Theyà leaveà schoolà atà 16à withoutà anyà realà qualificationà andà moreà often thanà notà increaseà theà ranksà ofà unemployedà people. Pupilsà ofà modernà schoolsà takeà theirà Certificateà ofà Secondaryà Educationà (CSE)à examinationsà whileà inà grammarà schoolsà almostà allà childrenà stayà toà sixteenà toà takeà ?-levels. Moreà thanà halfà ofà themà stayà onà toà takeà ?-levels. Someà comprehensiveà andà manyà secondaryà schools,à however,à doà notà haveà enoughà academicà coursesà forà sixth-formers. Pupilsà canà transferà eitherà toà aà grammarà schoolà orà toà aà sixth-formà collegeà toà getà theà coursesà theyà want. Theà majorityà ofà schoolsà inà Scotlandà areà six-yearà comprehensives. Secondaryà educationà inà Northernà Irelandà isà organizedà alongà selectiveà linesà accordingà toà childrenââ¬â¢sà abilities. Oneà canà hardlyà sayà thatà highà qualityà secondaryà educationà isà providedà forà allà inà Britain. Thereà isà aà highà lossà ofà pupilsà fromà working-classà familiesà atà entryà intoà theà sixthà form. Ifà youà areà aà working-classà childà at à schoolà today,à theà chanceà ofà yourà reachingà theà secondà yearà ofà aà sixth-à formà courseà isà probablyà lessà thanà one-twelfthà ofà thatà forà theà childà ofà aà professionalà parent. Besides,à governmentà cutsà onà schoolà spendingà causedà many à difficulties. Secondaryà Schoolà Examinations Timeà forà Examinations. GCE. CSE. Theà Sixthà Forms. CEE. GCSE Pupilsà atà secondaryà schoolsà inà Englandà (thatà is,à pupilsà betweenà theà agesà ofà twelveà andà eighteen)à haveà twoà mainà examsà toà worryà about,à bothà calledà GCEà ââ¬âà Generalà Certificateà ofà Education. Theyà takeà theà firstà oneà whenà theyà areà aboutà fifteen. Itââ¬â¢sà calledà O-à level. Thereà isà anà examà whichà youà canà takeà insteadà ofà ?-level:à ità isà calledà theà CSEà (Certificateà ofà Secondaryà Education),à andà ità isà notà asà difficultà asà O-level. Mostà pupilsà takeà ?-levelà inà aboutà sevenà orà eightà differentà subjects. Thereà areà lotsà ofà subjectsà toà chooseà fromà ââ¬âeverythingà fromà carpentryà toà ancientà languages. Forà aà lotà ofà jobs,à suchà asà nursing,à orà assistantà librarian,à youà mustà haveà fourà orà fiveà ?-levels,à andà usuallyà theseà mustà includeà Englishà andà Maths. Youà mayà leaveà schoolà whenà youà areà 16. Butà ifà youà stayà atà schoolà afterà takingà ?-level,à youà goà intoà theà sixthà form. Theà sixthà formsà andà sixth-formà collegesà offerà aà wideà rangeà ofà courses. Ordinaryà levelà alternative,à CEEà (Certificateà ofà Extended Education)à andà CSEà coursesà areà offeredà toà pupilsà whoà needà qualificationsà atà aà lowerà level. Butà ifà youà haveà madeà upà yourà mindà toà gainà entryà toà aà university,à Polytechnicà orà collegeà ofà furtherà educationà youà haveà toà startà workingà forà theà secondà mainà examinationà ââ¬âà A-level. Mostà peopleà takeà ?-levelà whenà theyà areà aboutà eighteen. Ità isà quiteà aà difficultà exam,à soà peopleà donââ¬â¢tà usuallyà takeà ità inà moreà thanà 3à subjectsââ¬âà andà someà onlyà inà oneà orà twoà subjects. Threeà ?-levelsà areà enoughà toà getà youà inà toà mostà universities. Forà others,à suchà asà Oxfordà andà Cambridge,à youà haveà toà takeà specialà examsà asà well. Aà newà school-leavingà certificateà isà planned,à however,à andà O-levelà andà CSEà willà beà replacedà byà oneà publicà exam,à theà Generalà Certificateà ofà Secondaryà Educationà (GCSE). Ità isà toà showà howà childrenà workedà throughoutà 5à yearsà ofà secondaryà school. 5. Parliamentary elections in the United Kingdom should be seen as a referendum on the performance of sitting MPs, not merely as a snapshot nationwide opinion poll determining party voting weights for the next Parliament. The electoral system affects the degree to which voters may hold their representatives to account for their actions in the previous Parliament; changes which would diminish this accountability mechanism should be resisted. The UK presently has a legislature whose unelected chamber better reflects the relative strength of the Labour, Conservative, Liberal Democrat and None of the Above parties. Conversely, if Labour and the Conservatives each won 50% of the vote, the other chamber would have a sizable Labour majority. 51% of the seats in the Lower House delivers 100% of the power, and this can be captured by Labour on about 40% of the vote. Nevertheless, whenever Labour runs into opposition from the chamber which, in any other context, would be described as more ââ¬Å"representativeâ⬠by people who go in for that kind of thing, it threatens to force its legislation through under the Parliament Acts, on the grounds that the Lower House is more ââ¬Å"democraticâ⬠. The Lower Houseà isà more democratic. Contrary to the self-serving views of the Liberal Democrats and other jejune supporters of electoral ââ¬Å"reformâ⬠, what matters for democracy is not representativeness or proportionality, so much as accountability and responsiveness. When MPs behave in accordance with their constituentsââ¬â¢ wishes, this is to be preferred to their merely existing in party groupings of such sizes as best reflect their constituentsââ¬â¢ choices at the previous election. When discussing electoral reform in the UK, retaining a ââ¬Å"constituency linkâ⬠is often posited as a requirement. That is to say, it is felt to be necessary that everyone should have an MP who is in some sense ââ¬Å"theirsâ⬠, normally meaning that people are grouped into geographical areas and each area gets its own MP. A weaker version of this permits multiple MPs for each area. This is supposed to be good because it means that thereââ¬â¢s automatically someone in Parliament to go to with oneââ¬â¢s grievances. There is a much better reason why it happens to be good. If we merely say that everyone must have one or a small number of MPs, that does not imply that every MP must have his own constituency. The German federal electoral system and its antipodean imitator in New Zealand affords MPs who have no constituencies: they are elected from party lists and assigned in such numbers as ensure that the proportion of MPs in each party in the chamber match the proportion of the vote each party won. This category of MPs shares the same vice as MPs in a chamber fully elected by a proportional system: they canââ¬â¢t be voted out of office directly. If your MP decides to go against the wishes of his constituents, they can contact him and say, ââ¬Å"Hi, your majority at the last election was 2000; we, the undersigned 1001 who voted for you last time will vote against your party next time unless you buck the whip on this issue we care about. â⬠The easier it is to do this, the more likely the behaviour of an MP will reflect the wishes of constituents. Donââ¬â¢t believe the canard about votes not counting: every vote against the person who won counts against his majority and makes him more susceptible to pressure from his constituents before the next election. The electoral system can restrain this tactic. It works well under First Past The Post, and similar systems. Generally, increasing the number of MPs who represent a single constituency has the effect of making this tactic harder, as the punishment from electors may be spread across several MPs, especially if the electors cannot choose which MPs from a paricular party get the benefit of their vote. This is a notorious problem with the European Parliamentary elections in Great Britain: if some MEP is the ringleader for a particularly odious policy, she cannot easily be voted out without voting out the colleagues from her party. Even when a free choice on the preferential ordering of MPs is permitted, it is difficult to stop the disliked MP from riding back to election on the coattails of his more popular colleagues. So, in order of preferability, the electoral systems rank as follows: * First Past The Post, and Alternative Vote Single Transferable Vote in multimember constituencies * Proper Proportional Representation systems with open lists * Proper Proportional Representation systems with closed lists Having said all this, it must be stressed that electoral reform for the House of Commons should not be considered in isolation from the composition of the other chamber, and the relation between the Commons and three other institutions: the executive, the House of lords, and the courts. Some notes: Alternative Vote is the Australian name for a system which when used in single-member constituencies is identical to STV: electors rank the candidates in order of preference, and the least popular candidate is repeatedly eliminated until someone has over 50%; essentially, once a candidate is eliminated, a vote is regarded as counting for whichever remaining candidate was most preferred by its caster. The effect of this system tends to be obliteration of extremists without penalising or ââ¬Å"wastingâ⬠protest votes. It should be noted that in the British debate, ââ¬Å"Proportional Representationâ⬠is used to mean proper PR systemsà andà STV/AV. The Australian Electoral Commissionà usedà to have an excellent webpage with a classification of all the electoral systems used in Australiaââ¬â¢s twenty-odd legislative chambers, but theyââ¬â¢ve apparently improved it off their site now. Other fallacious views on electoral systems which it is useful to rebut at this juncture include the contention that FPTP entrenches a two-party system (in fact, the number of parties is contingent on the geographical concentration of voters), that AV in the UK in 1997 would have led to a larger Labour majority (only if you didnââ¬â¢t tell people and the parties what the electoral system was in advance, otherwise the parties would have behaved differently), and that geographical constituencies are a relic of a bygone age and are being replaced by PR across Europe, or at least the world. FPTP is described by Hilaire Barnett in her militantly Anglosceptic tome on the British constitution as ââ¬Å"stillâ⬠existing in some dusty English-speaking corners of the planet; in fact some countries using PR have been moving towards constituencies: Italy did in the 1990s, and the Dutch are considering a similar move. 2. POLITICAL PARTIES The idea of political parties first took form in Britain and the Conservative Party claims to be the oldest political party in the world. Political parties began to form during the English civil wars of the 1640s and 1650s. First, there were Royalists and Parliamentarians; then Tories and Whigs. Whereas the Whigs wanted to curtail the power of the monarch, the Tories ââ¬â today the Conservatives ââ¬â were seen as the patriotic party. Today there are three major political parties in the British system of politics: * The Labour Party ââ¬â the centre-Left party currently led by Ed Miliband * The Conservative Party (frequently called the Tories) ââ¬â the centre-Right party currently led by David Cameron * The Liberal Democrat Party (known as the Lib Dems) ââ¬â the centrist, libertarian party currently led by Nick Clegg In addition to these three main parties, there are some much smaller UK parties (notably the UK Independence Party and the Green Party) and some parties which operate specifically in Scotland (the Scottish National Party), Wales (Plaid Cymru) or Northern Ireland (such as Sinn Fein for the nationalists and the Democratic Unionist Party for the loyalists). Each political party chooses its leader in a different way, but all involve all the Members of Parliament of the party and all the individual members of that party. By convention, the leader of the political party with the largest number of members in the House of Commons becomes the Prime Minster (formally at the invitation of the Queen). Political parties are an all-important feature of the British political system because: * The three main political parties in the UK have existed for a century or more and have a strong and stable ââ¬Ëbrand imageââ¬â¢. * It is virtually impossible for someone to be elected to the House of Commons without being a member of an established political party. * All political parties strongly ââ¬Ëwhipââ¬â¢ their elected members which means that, on the vast majority of issues, Members of Parliament of the same party vote as a ââ¬Ëblockââ¬â¢. Having said this, the influence of the hree main political parties is not as dominant as it was in the 1940s and 1950s because: * The three parties have smaller memberships than they did since voters are much less inclined to join a political party. * The three parties secure a lower overall percentage of the total vote since smaller parties between them now take a growing share of the vote. * Voters are much less ââ¬Ëtribalââ¬â¢, supporting the same party at every election, and much more likely to ââ¬Ëfloat, voting for different parties at successive elections. * The ideological differences between the parties are less than they were with the parties adopting more ââ¬Ëpragmaticââ¬â¢ positions on many issues. In the past, class was a major determinant of voting intention in British politics, with most working class electors voting Labour and most middle class electors voting Conservative. These days, class is much less important because: * Working class numbers have shrunk and now represent only 43% of the electorate. * Except at the extremes of wealth, lifestyles are more similar. * Class does not determine voting intention so much as values, trust and competence. In the British political system, there is a broad consensus between the major parties on: * the rule of law * the free market economy * the national health service * UK membership of European Union and NATO The main differences between the political parties concern: * how to tackle poverty and inequality * the levels and forms of taxation * the extent of state intervention in the economy * the balance between collective rights and individual rights How to cite Education in Great Britain, Essay examples
Monday, May 4, 2020
Mis - Case Study free essay sample
Unraveling the Jargon The consultantââ¬â¢s reply was: ââ¬Å"In my investigation of your applications portfolios, Iââ¬â¢ve applied â⬠¦ to the logical data structures and have discovered a very high frequency ââ¬â approximately 93. 286% of data embedded in application program logic which is largely responsible for the integrity and synchronization problem currently being encountered. As a solution, I would recommend the design of a master database each of which would employ relational technology to reduce the database to third normal form. This would eliminate the possibility of semantic disintegrity upon querying the database. â⬠Questions: a. Try to guess what the consultant said? b. Justify the use of technical jargon. What the consultant was trying to say is that base on his investigation, with the expertise that he have and upon checking the folder where the database application is placed, he already found the cause of an error or problem within the database. The problem is data overloading. Data Overloading means that there are many unused or inappropriate data that was inserted inside the database application. The solution is to redesign the database and transform it into a new form which is called ââ¬Å"Third Normal Form. â⬠The database is said to be in third normal form where in each non-primary entity is independent with each other. Transforming the data base in the third normal will eliminate semantic integrity or an illogical or incorrect placement of values in the database. Using technical jargon is appropriate whenever the one you are talking to is at the same expertise as yours. Many people are considering it useful for the people inside a professional field. They can use jargon to get information faster. Some people use technical jargon to make oneself seem superior by using words and terms that others cannot understand. Technical jargons are recommended to use but in the right time, the right place and with the right people where they can understand the terms that you are using. Case 2: Information System in Restaurant A waiter takes an order at a table, and then enters it online via one of the six terminals located in the restaurant dining room. The order is routed to a printer in the appropriate preparation area: the cold item printer if it is a salad, the hot-item printer if it is a hot sandwich or the bar printer if it is a drink. A customerââ¬â¢s meal check-listing (bill) the items ordered and the respective prices are automatically generated. This ordering system eliminates the old three-carbon-copy guest check system as well as any problems caused by a waiterââ¬â¢s handwriting. When the kitchen runs out of a food item, the cooks send out an ââ¬Ëout of stockââ¬â¢ message, which will be displayed on the dining room terminals when waiters try to order that item. This gives the waiters faster feedback, enabling them to give better service to the customers. Other system features aid management in the planning and control of their restaurant business. The system provides up-to-the-minute information on the food items ordered and breaks out percentages showing sales of each item versus total sales. This helps management plan menus according to customersââ¬â¢ tastes. The system also compares the weekly sales totals versus food costs, allowing planning for tighter cost controls. In addition, whenever an order is voided, the reasons for the void are keyed in. This may help later in management decisions, especially if the voids consistently related to food or service. Acceptance of the system by the users is exceptionally high since the waiters and waitresses were involved in the selection and design process. All potential users were asked to give their impressions and ideas about the various systems available before one was chosen. Questions: a. In the light of the system, describe the decisions to be made in the area of strategic planning, managerial control and operational control? What information would you require to make such decisions? . What would make the system a more complete MIS rather than just doing transaction process? c. Explain the probable effects that making the system more formal would have on the customers and the management. Some decisions that should be considered in the area of strategic planning are: A strategic decision that will be made should affect the long-term direction of the company. Decisions in this secto r should be about trying to achieve some advantage for the company and avoiding bringing an out of the place decisions that will harm the consistency of the company. The decisions should also consider the scope of a companyââ¬â¢s activities wherein the boundaries of the company are shown. A strategic decision should also consider the effect this decision on the employees because they will be the one to do the work. Managerial Control Decisions should be a long range considering the companyââ¬â¢s objectives. It should also be the best and applicable choice among the set of alternatives that has been suggested. Most importantly, this decision should involve changes within the company and this change should be an improvement. An Operation Control Decision involves three major considerations based on my opinion. An operational decision should be precise, fast, and cost-effective. First, it should be precise because a successful operational decision uses data quickly and effectively in the right action, looking like a knowledgeable employee with the right reports and analysis. Second, it should be fast. You need to take the best action that the time allows. Remember that in a restaurant, customers are not good in waiting longer. Lastly, an operational decision should be cost-effective. If an operational decision is successful it eliminates wasteful activities and costly reports. The system will be a more Management System if it will be involving feedbacks to the customers in what to improve with their service or with the food. It will also be a management system if the system will accept registration of a particular employee every table to avoid confusion and doubling orders. As a result, a fast service will be given. Making the system more formal might be a waste in terms of time management. If a formal system will be implemented it will affect our customer in a way hat they will be waiting longer than expected. Having a formal system involves many processes between the employees and customers. Case 3: Security Loopholes Utpal had just joined SystemX as Systems Manager. But he was a worried man looking at the current state of affairs at SystemX. As a part of assessing hardware and software requirements, it was found that out of the 364 desktops at the corporate of fice; more than half did not have their anti- virus software updated with recent virus signature files. Three fourths had not changed the default e-mail password (it was the user name) and no one had installed OS patches. And one of its local mail servers seemed to be an open relay! For a fleeting moment, he wondered about the situation at the seven branch offices across the country. SystemX used the Net extensively in dealing with its branches, customers and suppliers. Information like contract documents, marketing plans, Cheque and Draft numbers, bank account details and collection details were regularly transmitted by e-mail. Utpalââ¬â¢s first thought was that he would recommend that SystemX bring in a security consultant. But the budget constraints meant that his recommendation was unlikely to find favour. He was beginning to feel a bit out of depth and was wondering what he should do to ensure that SystemXââ¬â¢s data remained safe and secure. Questions: a. What security loopholes come to the fore in the situation described? How can these be plugged? b. What is the importance of a ââ¬Å"security budgetâ⬠in the context of the given situation? The security loopholes that was given the situation is the absence of anti-virus in half of the computers; E-mail accounts were not updated; OS patches were not installed; and one local mail server is open in the internet. These security loopholes can be plugged when the necessary adjustments were made such as the installation of anti-virus to all computer units, Updating the e-mail accounts to avoid outsiders in stealing files within the company, Operating Systems should be installed to improve the accessibility of the programs, and a local mail server should be set privately within the company. Security budget is important to ensure the safety and privacy of the company from outsiders or hackers. Remember that in this industry anything can happen, right or wrong, it doesnââ¬â¢t matter because this world revolves in a competition. The best way to be in track is to secure the important files of the company. Keep it within the company only to avoid copying of datas. Case 4: Too Many Information Systems X University has of late expanded very rapidly introducing a number of programmes and increasing student intake capacity. It has recently computerized its examination process based on some off-theshelf software. The library had already been computerized a couple of years back using a freely distributed Library Automation System. Daily cash transactions are also handled by computers in the Finance and Accounting Division, using accounting software. For further improvement of efficiency, the new governing body of the University have entrusted the task of developing an MIS for the University to Software Company. All these developments were welcomed by a cross-section of the University Community except a few. One of them is a faculty member at the Management Science Department who commented that the University is burdening itself with too many independent information systems. He strongly favored an integrated information system on the lines of an ERP for a business organization. Questions: a. Do you agree with the faculty member? Give reasons. b. What do you understand by Integrated Information System, the faculty member is talking about? Elaborate in the context of the X University. c. Visualize that the University governing Body decides to drop the MIS plan and agrees to the idea of developing an integrated IS. What problems are likely to creep in? d. Assess the role of Information System specialists and consultants in situations as described in the caselet. I agree with the faculty member that having too many independent information systems are really burdening. First of all, having too many systems is costly because they were made independently with each other. Second, every system requires installation, so it can waste time opening and closing one over the other. Lastly, it will affect the transactions or some activities that will be made in the university because the dates of the activities will depend on the systems which are independent with each other. An Integrated Information System is a system that combines other systems in one program. It is a system wherein every system that was stated in situation is dependent on one another. This system will be more effective because it is time-friendly with an affordable cost.
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